Study of Low Calorie Sweeteners and the Microbiome Not Applicable to People

Posted by & filed under Health Professionals, Research Summaries, Statements.

Calorie Control Council’s Response to the Harpaz, et al. Study

October 4, 2018 (ATLANTA) — A study recently published in the journal Molecules claimed that low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) are toxic to the gut microbiome. Using genetically-modified bioluminescent bacteria from E. coli as a sensing model, the authors sought to test the relative toxicity of six U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved LNCS (aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, neotame, advantame and acesulfame potassium-k (ace-k)) and that of ten LNCS-containing sports supplements and drew conclusions based on their findings. The authors suggest that the tested bioluminescent bacterial panel can potentially be used for detecting LNCS in the environment and that the study findings may aid in understanding the toxicity of these sweeteners on E. Coli, which they deem as representative of gut bacteria. The authors’ conclusions are problematic for the reasons outlined below.

Conclusions From In Vitro Study Not Applicable to Human Subjects

First, while the authors draw conclusions about the impact of LNCS on the gut microbiome, the conditions in this in vitro study are not directly comparable to the human gut. Therefore, conclusions drawn from this study cannot be extrapolated to the digestive gut microbes that are unique to humans. In addition to the notation that some of the response levels of concentration in the study exceeded the amount typically found in real food samples, the reactions seen under these conditions may not mimic what would occur under real-life exposure conditions in humans. Furthermore, although there were changes noted in the bacterium included in the study, it is unknown whether these or any changes in microbiome bacteria, are indicative of negative health outcomes in humans.

Other Ingredients Not Accounted For

Regarding the testing of the toxicity of LNCS-containing sports supplements, the inability to isolate the source of any change in the bacterium is a flaw. Given that commercially available supplements contain a number of complex ingredients, one would need to determine whether any responses seen are solely due to the sweetener and not the other ingredients. “While examining the effect of these supplements may be of interest, without this sort of isolation and in the absence of a control group, it is difficult to draw sound conclusions,” noted Dr. Ashley Roberts (pictured), a regulatory toxicologist currently working with the Calorie Control Council.

Low Calorie Sweeteners Safety Proven For Decades

Lastly, it is important to note that each of the sweeteners included in the study have undergone extensive safety assessment and have been approved for use by scientific and regulatory authorities worldwide, including the U.S. FDA, the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. LNCS are among the most studied ingredients which, in addition to their extensive history of safe use, provides a strong body of evidence in support of their safety.


Dorin Harpaz, Loo Pin Yeo, Francesca Cecchini, et al. (2018) Measuring Artificial Sweeteners Toxicity Using a Bioluminescent Bacterial Panel. Molecules 23, 2454; doi:10.3390/molecules23102454


What’s Your Why Part Two: The Top Reasons Americans Feel They Have Gained Weight

Posted by & filed under Ask the Doctor, Featured, Uncategorized, Weight Management.

By: Keri Peterson, MD — Your favorite jeans are suddenly too tight and your belt size just went up a notch. You step on the scale and see the number is slowly creeping upward. What gives? A survey of more than 2,000 American adults asked just that – Why do you think you have ever gained weight? The answers to the survey, conducted online by The Harris Poll on behalf of the Calorie Control Council, were honest and insightful.

You Might Need to Get Active

The number one reason attributed to weight gain, by 55 percent of Americans, is a lack of exercise or physical activity. It’s important to know that as you age, your body changes. First, your metabolism slows down making it easier to gain weight if you maintain the same caloric intake that you did years ago.  Also, your body composition shifts – you lose muscle and gain fat as you age. This further slows down the metabolism because fat does not burn as many calories as muscle. In order to keep your metabolism up, it’s important to not only do cardiovascular exercise like running and biking, but also to do resistance training. Lifting weights will maintain and build muscle mass so that you can eat sensibly without gaining weight. You should try to lift weights two to three times a week to stay fit.

Your Portions Might Be Out of Control

The second most common reason Americans cite for weight gain is eating portion sizes that are too big (44%). Restaurants often provide portions much larger than recommended. often times, people skip meals and arrive home late for dinner. Since they are “starving,” they overeat. The perception of recommended portion sizes is often overestimated and may be several times larger than dietary guidelines suggest. For example, one serving of meat is just three ounces, or the size of your palm.

You Aren’t Making Time to Meal Prep

Maintaining a healthy weight requires making good food choices. Thirty two percent of Americans report a history of eating unhealthily is among the main reasons they have ever gained weight. Lack of motivation and cravings can wreak havoc. Finding the time to prepare healthy meals is challenging with the demands of work, family and life. Some people are not aware of what foods are better options.

Your Unhealthy Food Choices Could Be A Coping Mechanism for Stress

Another big catalyst for Americans’ weight gain is stress from home (24%) and work (22%). Home stress was cited more often by women (29%) than men (19%) as a reason. Additionally, Americans who are parents of children under 18 more often reported home (32% vs. 21%) and work (32% vs.  18%) stress than those who are not parents of children under 18. Also, Americans under 45 years old are more likely than their older counterparts to attribute weight gain to home (33% vs. 17%) and work (31% vs. 15%) stress. Stress often leads to eating foods that are unhealthy and eating too much of them.

Gaining weight can be disappointing but it can also be a big motivator for change. Identifying what role diet and exercise play in your life will help you address what lifestyle changes need to be made.

Survey Method

This survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of Calorie Control Council from November 16-18, 2016 among 2,074 U.S. adults ages 18 and older, among whom 1,540 want to lose weight. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no estimate of theoretical sampling error can be calculated. For complete survey methodology, including weighting variables, please contact Stan Samples at the Calorie Control Council, [email protected].

Keri Peterson, MD is a medical contributor and columnist for Women’s Health and a frequent guest on NBC’s Today, ABC’s Good Morning America, Fox News and CNN. Based in New York City, Dr. Peterson has been in private practice since 1999 and holds appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital and Mount Sinai Medical Center. With a BA from Cornell University and a Medical Degree from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, she completed post-graduate training in Internal Medicine at New York’s Mount Sinai Medical Center and is board certified in Internal Medicine. Dr. Peterson is a member of the American College of Physicians and the American Medical Association, and serves as a medical advisor for the Calorie Control Council.


What’s Your Why? The Top Reasons Why Americans Want to Lose Weight

Posted by & filed under Ask the Doctor, Featured, Weight Management.

While following a healthy diet and exercise plan will certainly help you lose weight, what drives people to lose the weight is what will help them to keep it off. A Calorie Control Council survey of more than 1,500 U.S. adults ages 18 and over who want to lose weight, conducted online by The Harris Poll, asked people “what are the reasons why you want to lose weight?” Asking yourself why you want to lose weight is a powerful motivator for taking action and maintaining your goals.

Maintain A Healthy Lifestyle

Being overweight increases the likelihood of developing potentially life-threatening diseases. You are at higher risk of developing heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes. Additionally, the risk of certain cancers like breast cancer is exacerbated by a high body mass index (BMI). Other diseases like sleep apnea can occur as well. Avoiding these diseases can be a strong motivator for people to want to lose weight. In the Calorie Control Council/Harris Poll survey, the number one reason for wanting to lose weight, cited by 73 percent of Americans who want to lose weight, is the desire to be healthy. Living a healthy life leads to living a longer and higher quality of life. In turn, it means experiencing all the wonderful things that life has to offer.

Improved Mental Health

Many people who are overweight experience social shame and embarrassment about how they look.  This can lead to insecurities that impact self-esteem and confidence, which could lead to depression and anxiety.  Feeling better about oneself is a compelling incentive to shed pounds and 61 percent of Americans who want to lose weight state this as a reason why.

Possible Decreased Risk of Joint Problems 

Nearly one in five Americans who want to lose weight (19%) cite joint problems as a reason to do so.  Being overweight can put strain on your joints, in particular your knees. Excess weight puts stress on the joints and can lead to wear and tear on them, which promotes the onset of arthritis. Joint pain can be debilitating and worsen weight gain due to limited ability to exercise.

Develop an Energy Boost

When you lose weight you will likely notice that you have more energy. Nearly half of the Americans who want to lose weight (49%) state that they want to do so to boost their energy. When you are carrying around less weight, your body expends less energy to function.

Being introspective about the real reason you want to lose weight can be a means to success.

Survey Method

This survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of Calorie Control Council from November 16-18, 2016 among 2,074 U.S. adults ages 18 and older, among whom 1,540 want to lose weight. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no estimate of theoretical sampling error can be calculated. For complete survey methodology, including weighting variables, please contact Stan Samples at the Calorie Control Council, [email protected].

Keri Peterson, MD is a medical contributor and columnist for Women’s Health and a frequent guest on NBC’s Today, ABC’s Good Morning America, Fox News and CNN. Based in New York City, Dr. Peterson has been in private practice since 1999 and holds appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital and Mount Sinai Medical Center. With a BA from Cornell University and a Medical Degree from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, she completed post-graduate training in Internal Medicine at New York’s Mount Sinai Medical Center and is board certified in Internal Medicine. Dr. Peterson is a member of the American College of Physicians and the American Medical Association, and serves as a medical advisor for the Calorie Control Council.


After Losing Weight, Many Americans Struggle To Keep The Weight Off

Posted by & filed under Ask the Doctor, Lifestyle Articles, Weight Management.

By: Keri Peterson, MD — You’ve done the work, implemented changes in your diet, improved your exercise regimen and have successfully lost weight. Now the real battle begins—how do you successfully keep it off going forward when faced with life’s challenges and stressors? Staying on the health and fitness wagon is no small feat. It requires discipline and commitment every single day. Becoming discouraged during difficult times can create a slippery slope of falling back into old habits.

Stick to it, and don’t give up!

That’s why so many people fail at maintaining their goals once they’ve reached them. In a November 2016 survey, conducted online by The Harris Poll on behalf of the Calorie Control Council among over 1,200 U.S. adults who have been trying to lose weight, we asked: “What is the longest length of time you have kept the weight off?” The results were surprising. Only 14 percent of those who have been trying to lose weight say the longest they were able to keep the weight off was more than five years. While 41 percent were able to keep the weight off for two years or more, 40 percent could not maintain their weight loss for two years. One in ten (10%) say the longest they could sustain their weight loss was 3 months or less.

Recognize that Your Diet isn’t the only contributing factor

When looking at some of the factors that may have contributed to successful weight loss for two years or more, several demographic factors came into play. First, Americans ages 18-34 are less likely to have success keeping weight off for that amount of time than their older counterparts age 35 and older (27% vs. 46%)Perhaps this is due to less healthy eating habits that accompany an active social life of going out with friends and dating that frequently occurs in this age group. Social media impacts self-image and can create an unhealthy relationship with food. It could also be that millennials do not have access to a gym, weight loss program or trainer due to financial restraints.

Another factor that came into play was income. Supporting the theory that financial restraints play a role in maintaining weight loss, those with annual household incomes of $100,000 or more a year are more likely to have been able to keep the weight off for two years or more compared with sub $50,000 households (47% vs. 37%). Possible explanations include those with a higher income have greater access to gym memberships, personal trainers and healthier fresh food options. Fresh fruits and veggies are more costly than fast food and packaged goods.

Finding time for Nutrition while Parenting

Those with children under 18 living in the household were less likely to have kept the weight off for two years compared to those without kids under 18 at home (36% vs. 44%). As a parent of a three-year-old, I can say that it is much more challenging to find time to prepare healthy meals for myself when I am busy cooking for my child. It is so easy to eat what is leftover on your child’s plate. Plus, you can get so pressed for time that grabbing whatever is in the cupboard that is quick and easy is what becomes most feasible.

In order to maintain weight loss, it is important to select a sustainable nutrition plan that works for you on an ongoing basis – one that fits with your lifestyle, culture and food preferences. Speaking with a nutritionist can put you on the right path to creating an eating plan that is the right fit for you. I do not believe in significant calorie restriction and deprivation. It is important to tailor a program that you like and enjoy and where you do not feel hungry all the time or have constant cravings.

Overall, this survey demonstrates that many Americans who have been trying to lose weight are likely using effective methods to do so.

Survey Method

This survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of Calorie Control Council from November 16-18, 2016 among 2,074 U.S. adults ages 18 and older. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no estimate of theoretical sampling error can be calculated. For complete survey methodology, including weighting variables, please contact Stan Samples at the Calorie Control Council, [email protected].

Keri Peterson, MD is a medical contributor and columnist for Women’s Health and a frequent guest on NBC’s Today, ABC’s Good Morning America, Fox News and CNN. Based in New York City, Dr. Peterson has been in private practice since 1999 and holds appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital and Mount Sinai Medical Center. With a BA from Cornell University and a Medical Degree from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, she completed post-graduate training in Internal Medicine at New York’s Mount Sinai Medical Center and is board certified in Internal Medicine. Dr. Peterson is a member of the American College of Physicians and the American Medical Association, and serves as a medical advisor for the Calorie Control Council.


Top 5 Lifestyle Changes People are Making to Achieve Weight Loss

Posted by & filed under Ask the Doctor, Lifestyle Articles, Weight Management.

With obesity rates on the rise, more and more Americans are making efforts to manage their weight through lifestyle changes. The Harris Poll conducted an online consumer survey in November 2016 for the Calorie Control Council of over 2,000 U.S. adults ages 18 and older to learn what changes in lifestyle people have made to achieve their weight loss goals.  A variety of methods are being utilized by people attempting to manage their weight.

The most prevalent change that people have made is to consume more water.  Fifty-seven percent of Americans reported that they drink more water to help achieve weight management goals.  Drinking water can help manage weight for a few reasons.  Water itself can curb appetite by filling up your stomach.  Also, thirst is often mistaken for hunger, so drinking water may satiate what you perceived as hunger but was really thirst.  Lastly, when selecting what beverage to consume, water is often used to replace higher calorie drinks which will reduce overall calorie intake.

Fifty-five percent of Americans said that they exercise and are more active. To lose one pound, you need to burn 3,500 calories. Exercising in combination with calorie reduction is an extremely effective way to lose and manage your weight. When choosing what type of exercise to do, I favor combining cardio with weight-strengthening exercises to build muscle and endurance.  Building muscle can increase your metabolism, which makes it easier to lose weight and burn calories.

Forty-seven percent of Americans stated that they eat smaller portions to control their weight.  Portion size is often overestimated. A typical sized dinner plate is too large and will lead to taking portions that are too large.  To give you some examples, one serving of grains is half a cup of cooked brown rice or whole grain pasta. That is roughly the size of your clenched fist.  The typical serving size of a meat or fish is 3 ounces, which is the size of the palm of your hand or a deck of cards.

Just over one quarter of Americans (28%) said that they use reduced-sugar or sugar free products. Substituting sugar-sweetened drinks and regular sodas for low calorie sweetened beverages can really make an impact on total daily calorie consumption. Swapping out sugar-sweetened foods or snacks like sugary, flavored yogurt for low calorie sweetened foods will help you achieve your weight management goals.

Weighing yourself more frequently is a good measure to take to keep an eye on your overall weight trends. Twenty-seven percent of Americans reported that they weigh themselves more often to help them reach their weight management goals. Keeping an eye on your weight once a week is a way to mark your progress and keep any upward rises in weight in check.

Overall, this survey demonstrates that effective methods are being utilized to lose weight.

Survey Method
This survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of Calorie Control Council from November 16-18, 2016 among 2,074 U.S. adults ages 18 and older. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no estimate of theoretical sampling error can be calculated. For complete survey methodology, including weighting variables, please contact Stan Samples at the Calorie Control Council, [email protected].

Keri Peterson, MD is a medical contributor and columnist for Women’s Health and a frequent guest on NBC’s Today, ABC’s Good Morning America, Fox News and CNN. Based in New York City, Dr. Peterson has been in private practice since 1999 and holds appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital and Mount Sinai Medical Center. With a BA from Cornell University and a Medical Degree from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, she completed post-graduate training in Internal Medicine at New York’s Mount Sinai Medical Center and is board certified in Internal Medicine. Dr. Peterson is a member of the American College of Physicians and the American Medical Association, and serves as a medical advisor for the Calorie Control Council.

 


Hydrate on Hotter Days

Posted by & filed under Featured, Healthy Lifestyle, Hydration, Lifestyle Articles.

It’s my favorite season- summer.  With that brings lots of childhood memories of drinking lemonade and eating frozen ices and ice cream while sitting on the curb with friends.  Oh how times have changed. Our parents had no idea that some of these products contained an excessive amount of sugar. While sugars are added to foods and beverages to sweeten them, they are very caloric and provide little nutritional value.

Nowadays, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that we restrict our daily intake of sugar to 5-10 teaspoons at all stages of life to reduce the risk of obesity and cavities. That’s less than 10% of our daily caloric intake. If possible, less than 5% is ideal. That glass of lemonade I drank regularly as a kid had 20 grams of sugar, which is 5 teaspoons.  So I was drinking my recommended allowance of added sugar for the day in just one glass.

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), consumption of sugary beverages accounts for almost half of all added sugars consumed by Americans.  To satiate that sweet tooth and to stay hydrated during the summer, low calorie sweetened beverages are a great alternative.  Replacing added sugars with low calorie sweetened beverages will reduce caloric intake overall and meet the new recommended daily intake of added sugars.  In addition, research finds that using low calorie sweeteners in lieu of sugar facilitates weight loss.

Plus, with summertime in full swing, heat wave conditions have hit several regions of the country on more than one occasion.  It’s important to heed the advice heard all over the news- avoid heat related illness by staying hydrated.  Drinking enough low calorie sweetened beverages or water is a great way to meet your fluid requirements on hot days.

Keri Peterson, MD is a medical contributor and columnist for Women’s Health and a frequent guest on NBC’s Today, ABC’s Good Morning America, Fox News and CNN. Based in New York City, Dr. Peterson has been in private practice since 1999 and holds appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital and Mount Sinai Medical Center.  With a BA from Cornell University and a Medical Degree from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, she completed post-graduate training in Internal Medicine at New York’s Mount Sinai Medical Center and is board certified in Internal Medicine. Dr. Peterson is a member of the American College of Physicians and the American Medical Association, and serves as a medical advisor for the Calorie Control Council.


faq2Do you have questions about low-calorie sweeteners? Want to learn more about maintaining a healthy lifestyle? You asked and we listened. Our resident Registered Dietitians answered the most popular questions about low-calorie sweeteners.

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